The data are total annual returns for the S&P 500 (net price appreciation plus dividends) from 1928 through 2021. The value is a percent return. (Important note: Percent (%) signs were not included in the dataset values so Excel will treat these values as being in number format rather than percentage format. Leaving values in number format avoids confusion that can occur when percentage format values are used in formulas and analysis tools that convert them to decimal fractions, resulting in a shift in the decimal point. I suggest not using percent (%) signs in any entries for this lab assignment.) Using these data, group the total annual returns into classes. The lowest class should be defined as "At least -45 but less than -30", the second lowest class defined as "At least -30 but less than -15", and so on, with enough equal width classes so that each data value falls into one of the classes. Find the frequencies for each class and create a histogram chart showing the class frequencies.

S&P 500 Pct Ann RetEnter your name in cell G1:192843.811161929-8.297951930-25.123641931-43.837551932-8.64236193349.982231934-1.18857193546.74042193631.943411937-35.33673193829.282651939-1.097561940-10.672871941-12.77146194219.17376194325.06131194419.03068194535.821081946-8.4291519475.2000019485.70458194918.30322195030.80554195123.67846195218.150991953-1.20820195452.56332195532.5973319567.439511957-10.45736195843.71995195912.0564619600.33654196126.637711962-8.81146196322.61193196416.41546196512.399241966-9.97095196723.80297196810.814861969-8.2413719703.56114197114.22115197218.755361973-14.308051974-25.90179197536.99514197623.831001977-6.9797019786.50928197918.51949198031.735251981-4.70239198220.41906198322.3371619846.14614198531.23515198618.4945819875.81272198816.53719198931.475181990-3.06445199130.2348419927.4937319939.9670519941.32592199537.19520199622.68097199733.10365199828.33795199920.885352000-9.031822001-11.849762002-21.96605200328.35580200410.7427820054.83448200615.6125620075.484742008-36.55234200925.93523201014.8210920112.09837201215.89059201332.14509201413.5244220151.37889201611.77308201721.605482018-4.22687201931.21168202018.02320202128.46885

In addition to the data on the first worksheet, two additional columns appear. One indicates whether the total return is a gain or a loss. The second added column indicates whether the year was the first, second, third, or fourth relative to a Presidential term. Using these data, create a contingency table showing the count of how many years fall in each pairing of the year relative to its Presidential term (First, Second, Third, Fourth) and whether the total return for the S&P 500 for the year was a gain or a loss. Create a stacked column chart based on the contingency table, with one column for each of the four relative years in a Presidential term. Below the chart, provide a brief discussion whether the distribution of gains and losses tends to differ between relative years in a Presidential term, and if so, how they are different.

Year	S&P 500 Pct Ann Ret	Gain/Loss	Presid Term Relative Year
1928	43.81116	Gain	Fourth
1929	-8.29795	Loss	First	`
1930	-25.12364	Loss	Second
1931	-43.83755	Loss	Third
1932	-8.64236	Loss	Fourth
1933	49.98223	Gain	First
1934	-1.18857	Loss	Second
1935	46.74042	Gain	Third
1936	31.94341	Gain	Fourth
1937	-35.33673	Loss	First
1938	29.28265	Gain	Second
1939	-1.09756	Loss	Third
1940	-10.67287	Loss	Fourth
1941	-12.77146	Loss	First
1942	19.17376	Gain	Second
1943	25.06131	Gain	Third
1944	19.03068	Gain	Fourth
1945	35.82108	Gain	First
1946	-8.42915	Loss	Second
1947	5.20000	Gain	Third
1948	5.70458	Gain	Fourth
1949	18.30322	Gain	First
1950	30.80554	Gain	Second
1951	23.67846	Gain	Third
1952	18.15099	Gain	Fourth
1953	-1.20820	Loss	First
1954	52.56332	Gain	Second
1955	32.59733	Gain	Third
1956	7.43951	Gain	Fourth
1957	-10.45736	Loss	First
1958	43.71995	Gain	Second
1959	12.05646	Gain	Third
1960	0.33654	Gain	Fourth
1961	26.63771	Gain	First
1962	-8.81146	Loss	Second
1963	22.61193	Gain	Third
1964	16.41546	Gain	Fourth
1965	12.39924	Gain	First
1966	-9.97095	Loss	Second
1967	23.80297	Gain	Third
1968	10.81486	Gain	Fourth
1969	-8.24137	Loss	First
1970	3.56114	Gain	Second
1971	14.22115	Gain	Third
1972	18.75536	Gain	Fourth
1973	-14.30805	Loss	First
1974	-25.90179	Loss	Second
1975	36.99514	Gain	Third
1976	23.83100	Gain	Fourth
1977	-6.97970	Loss	First
1978	6.50928	Gain	Second
1979	18.51949	Gain	Third
1980	31.73525	Gain	Fourth
1981	-4.70239	Loss	First
1982	20.41906	Gain	Second
1983	22.33716	Gain	Third
1984	6.14614	Gain	Fourth
1985	31.23515	Gain	First
1986	18.49458	Gain	Second
1987	5.81272	Gain	Third
1988	16.53719	Gain	Fourth
1989	31.47518	Gain	First
1990	-3.06445	Loss	Second
1991	30.23484	Gain	Third
1992	7.49373	Gain	Fourth
1993	9.96705	Gain	First
1994	1.32592	Gain	Second
1995	37.19520	Gain	Third
1996	22.68097	Gain	Fourth
1997	33.10365	Gain	First
1998	28.33795	Gain	Second
1999	20.88535	Gain	Third
2000	-9.03182	Loss	Fourth
2001	-11.84976	Loss	First
2002	-21.96605	Loss	Second
2003	28.35580	Gain	Third
2004	10.74278	Gain	Fourth
2005	4.83448	Gain	First
2006	15.61256	Gain	Second
2007	5.48474	Gain	Third
2008	-36.55234	Loss	Fourth
2009	25.93523	Gain	First
2010	14.82109	Gain	Second
2011	2.09837	Gain	Third
2012	15.89059	Gain	Fourth
2013	32.14509	Gain	First
2014	13.52442	Gain	Second
2015	1.37889	Gain	Third
2016	11.77308	Gain	Fourth
2017	21.60548	Gain	First
2018	-4.22687	Loss	Second
2019	31.21168	Gain	Third
2020	18.02320	Gain	Fourth
2021	28.46885	Gain	First

Using your class frequencies, construct a table showing the cumulative relative frequencies for all the defined classes. Below your table of cumulative relative frequencies, give a brief answer to the following question: What is the smallest class limit value for which the total return was less than that limit value in at least 70% of the years in the dataset?