The data from the European Social Survey (ESS) has variables that include time spent reading newspapers (in minutes) on an average weekday and years invested in obtaining the highest level of education (years). A random sample of observations (n= 43) is obtained and stored in an Excel file YoE_NewspaperReading.xlsx for people from Slovenia. The file contains two variables: education (in years) and newspaper (reading time in minutes on an average weekday).

A researcher investigates the relationship between years of education and time spent reading newspapers on an average weekday. Specifically, he wants to answer the following research question:

Research Question: "Is there a linear relationship between time spent reading newspapers on an average day (variable: newspaper) and years of education (variable: education)?"

To help you check the relevant assumptions of the simple linear regression, four graphs are provided below:

Figure 1 Figure 2 O Co 180 O O Or 140 O Education (years) O 0 09 Newspapers (minutes) N O O O 60 80 100 O O O 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 10 12 14 16 Newspapers (minutes) Education (years) Figure 3 Figure 4 10 O O O 0 oo O Frequency -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Residuals O C O O O O O -40 -20 0 20 40 10 12 14 16 Residuals Education (years)A B 1 newspaper: education 2 133.5 13.4 161.93 13.5 4 140.05 16 149.35 16.3 161.98 14 143.21 13.9 CO 129.15 13.7 9 178.94 16.9 10 111.05 12.3 11 181.08 17.1 12 120.36 13.3 13 128.91 12.5 14 133.18 13.9 15 117.95 13.7 16 136.01 13.8 17 119.2 13.5 18 60.17 9.9 19 186.59 17.5 20 145.4 16.7 21 141.93 13.8 22 136.36 13.8 23 129.19 12.2 24 166.58 17.4 25 162.48 16.9 26 131.35 13.2 27 134.71 13.9 28 135.21 12.4 29 110.16 11.8 30 147.92 14.3 31 156.2 16.9 32 144.16 13.7 33 156.86 14.7 34 126.41 14.1 35 82.71 12 36 153.68 17.2 37 104.59 9.1 38 166.58 14.7 39 138.76 13.6 40 102.98 14 41 107.11 13.5 42 147.05 14.5 43 125.02 12.3 44 131.89 12.9Regression results where Age (in years) is the predictor Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 145.964 20.833 7.007 0.000 103.892 188.036 age -0.178 0.393 -0.453 0.653 -0.971 0.616