The doctrine of ultra-vires first time originated in the classic case of Ashbury Railway Cariage and Iron Co. Ltd v Riche, (1878) LR. 7 H.L 653, which was decided by the House of Lords. To this end, a company is authorized to do only that much which is within the scope of the powers provided to it by the memorandum. A company can also do anything that is incidental to the main objects provided by the memorandum. Anything which is beyond the objects authorized by the memorandum is ultra vires and may be challenged in court With the above in mind and with the aid of examples; discuss the origin, basic principles regarding, purpose, effects and exceptions of the doctrine