The euro-zone crisis has wreaked havoc on U.S. stock markets (The Wall Street Journal, June 8, 2012). A portfolio analyst wonders if the average trading volume on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) has decreased since the beginning of the year. She gathers data on daily trading volumes for 30 days.(You may find it useful to reference the appropriate table:z tableort table)

Click here for the Excel Data File: https://ezto.mheducation.com/extMedia/bne/jaggia_3e/Ch09/Static/Ch09_Q86_Data_File.xlsx

a.The average trading volume in the beginning of the year was about 4,000 shares (in millions). Specify the competing hypotheses to test her claim. (multiple choice)

a. H₀:= 4,000;H_A: 4,000

b. H₀: 4,000;H_A:> 4,000

c. H₀: 4,000;H_A:< 4,000

b-1.Calculate the value of the test statistic.(Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Round intermediate calculations to at least 4 decimal places and final answer to 3 decimal places.)

b-2.Find thep-value. (multiple choice)

a. p-value < 0.01

b. 0.01 p-value < 0.025

c. 0.025 p-value < 0.05

d. 0.05 p-value < 0.10

e. p-value 0.10

c.At the 5% significance level, does it appear that the trading volume has decreased since the beginning of the year?