The first step in the decision making/problem solving process is to identify the problem. (We cannot solve a problem unless we know what the problem is!) The second step involves consideration of all the alternatives to the problem. In this step, we weigh the advantages and disadvantages to each possible solution or decision.

A cost benefit analysis (CBA) is a valuable tool to use in this second step. Costs are a definite factor in many decisions! When you use a cost benefit analysis to decide which item to purchase or which decision to make, you compare the costs of each alternative, the features of each, and the advantages/disadvantages of each. Cost benefit analyses should include tangible costs and benefits (measured in dollars and cents) and intangible costs and benefits. Intangibles cannot be measured in dollars, and include employee goodwill, brand identification, the company's image and reputation, etc.

Consider a decision that you must make in the near future or a decision that you recently made. What criteria did you use or will you use to weigh the alternatives?

Refer to #1. How could you use a cost benefit analysis to make your decision?

Refer to #2. Give one example of the costs/features of two items involved in your decision. What are your conclusions?

Define the term root cause. Why is it important to determine the root cause of any problem?

Groupthink is a term that we all need to add to our working vocabulary. Groupthink occurs when a group of decision makers focus more on just reaching a decision than on making the right decision. (Effective Change, page 202) It is the "any decision is better than no decision" mentality. Identify and explain two strategies for overcoming groupthink.

Groupshift is another phenomenon in group decision making. Define the term groupshift. In your opinion, explain why groupshift a positive action or negative action.

Why should we collect input from employees before we make a decision?

Identify and explain two reasons why plans might fail.

Explain why it is important to any change plan to monitor progress and to celebrate success.

Explain how an organization's core beliefs and core values affect change initiatives.