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The focus on financial statements in finance is how managers and investors interpret and use them. A firm's annual report contains both verbal and quantitative
The focus on financial statements in finance is how managers and investors interpret and use them. A firm's annual
report contains both verbal and quantitative information. The quantitative information consists of four financial statements:
Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Cash Flows, and Statement of Stockholders' Equity.
The balance sheet shows the firm's assets and claims against those assets. In other words, assets are equal to liabilities and
equity. Assets are shown in order of their balanceliquidityimportance Blank and claims are listed in the order of when they
must be paid. Current assets include cash and their equivalents, accounts payablereceivableaccrual Blank and inventory,
while longterm assets are those whose useful lives exceed one year. Liabilities are divided into current assetsnotes
payablecurrent liabilities Blank and longterm debt. We differentiate between total debt and total liabilities. A company's total
debt includes both its shortterm and longterm noninterestbearinginterestbearing Blank liabilities. Total liabilities
equal current liabilitiestotal debttotal equity Blank plus the company's "free" liabilities. Net working capitalNet fixed
assetsNet current liabilities Blank is the difference between current assets and current liabilities, while net operating current
liabilitiesnet operating working capitalnet nonoperating current liabilities Blank is equal to current assets less the difference
between current liabilities and notes payable. Net incomeOperating incomeNet worth Blank is capital supplied by common
stockholders and represents ownership.
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