The following data are measures of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in eight lambs before and after infusion of the drug histamine. Answer the following to perform a statistical test to determine whether histamine increases PVR on average.

Lamb ID	PVR before histamine	PVR after histamine
1	0.095	0.176
2	0.106	0.142
3	0.082	0.194
4	0.152	0.136
5	0.090	0.115
6	0.086	0.084
7	0.137	0.103
8	0.121	0.189

H₀:

H_A:

a) Test Statistic:

b) p-value:

c) Decision in the context of the problem: