The following data are on the dental measurements (distance in mm from the center of the pituitary to the pterygomaxillary fissure of 11 girls and 16 boys, all of whom were 16 years of age.

a. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this research question using the appropriate population parameter(s) for SAS output for a t-test?

b.Based on the output, which p-value tests the following hypotheses if you want to

use a two-sample independent pooled t-test? Provide the specific test statistic and p-value

c. From the output, what is the estimate of the pooled standard deviation?

The SAS System The TTEST Procedure Variable: x gender N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum Female 10 23.8500 2.4273 0.7676 19.5000 28.0000 Male 16 27.4688 2.0854 0.5214 25.0000 31.5000 Diff (1-2) -3.6187 2.2198 0.8948 gender Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev Female 23.8500 22.1136 25.5864 2.4273 1.6696 4.4313 Male 27.4688 26.3575 28.5800 2.0854 1.5405 3.2276 Diff (1-2) Pooled -3.6187 -5.4656 -1.7719 2.2198 1.7333 3.0881 Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite -3.6187 -5.5760 -1.6615 Method Variances DF t Value Pr > It| Pooled Equal 24 -4.04 0.0005 Satterthwaite Unequal 17.043 -3.90 0.0011 Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 9 15 1.35 0.5795