The following ethical dilemma discussion is from Chapter Eleven of the accompanying text. The questions immediately following each ethical dilemma are guided questions for you to consider as you frame your thinking. Seek to develop your own positions where neither the law nor public opinion has reached an ethical consensus that conforms to accepted values. For every question, there are two or more valid positions that are consistent with universal values and principles.

1. What arguments can counter opponents of the Affordable Care Act, who ask why people infected with HIV should be provided access to government health insurance before they are symptomatic, or why HIV infections should not be considered a preexisting health condition that should not be covered by insurance for anyone who is uninsured when they discover they are HIV-positive?
2. While early identification and monitoring of HIV is integral to reasonable and necessary medical care, what ethical principles cloud determinations of coverage by the government and private sector health insurance industry?
3. Given the defined aspiration of the nation that everyone should have access to affordable health insurance, what ethical principles should determine whether essential ARVs and AIDS medications should be covered by health insurance?
4. Why is it fair to expect medically necessary care and coverage of reasonable treatment costs of a disease that generally arises from unprotected sexual encounters and intravenous drug use?