The following exercises utilize the path model depicted below as well as the dataset country-c.sav. Specifically, the variables of Indocs (z1), Ingdp (z₂), deathrat (z₃), birthrat (z₄), and lifeexpf(5s) will be utilized.

Determine the path decompositions for the model. Be sure to label which are direct (D), indirect (I), unanalyzed (U), and spurious (S).

Identify the regression analyses necessary for testing this initial model.

Create a correlation matrix that includes all model variables. Conduct the regression analyses identified in Question 2. What are the following path coefficients?

r12 =

P₃₁ =

P₄₂ =

P52 ⁼

P₅₃ =

P54 =

4. Applying the path decompositions from Question 1, calculate the reproduced correlations.

5. Which reproduced correlations differ from the empirical correlations by more than .05?

6. Is this model consistent with empirical data? If not, what would you recommend to revise the model^?

Answer the following: Why reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity, reliability as a multiple correlation? You will work on examining the instruments used for reliability. Cronk 6^th edition PASW; answer all practice exercises; post your results here:

Pg58: Practice Exercise

The average salary in the United States is $25,000. Determine if the average salary of the participants in Practice Data Set 2 in Appendix B is significantly greater than this value. Note that this is a one-tailed hypothesis.

Practice Data Set 1

You have conducted a study in which you collected data from 23 participants. You asked each subject to indicate his or her sex (SEX), age (AGE), and marital status (MARITAL). You gave each subject a test to measure mathematics skills (SKILL), where the higher scores indicated a higher skill level. The data are presented below. Note that you will have to code the variables SEX and MARITAL and also indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale.

SEX	AGE	MARITAL	SKILL
M	23	Single	34
F	35	Married	40
F	40	Divorced	38
M	19	Single	20
M	28	Married	30
F	35	Divorced	40
F	20	Single	38
F	29	Single	47
M	29	Married	26
M	40	Married	24
F	24	Single	45
M	23	Single	37
F	18	Single	44
M	21	Single	38
M	50	Divorced	32
F	25	Single	29
F	20	Single	38
M	24	Single	19
F	37	Married	29
M	42	Married	42
M	35	Married	59
M	23	Single	45
F	40	Divorced	20

Name	.... TYPE	WIDTH	Decimals Labels	Values	? Missing	Columns Align	Measure ITIoflvUlw	Role
1 sex	Numeric	8	2	|1 00. Male}	None	B m Right	Jt) Nominal	N Input
2 age	Numeric	8	2	None	None	8 9 Right	/ Scale	\ Input
3 j marital	Numeric	8	2	(1 00, Singl.e.	. None	8 31 Right	> Nominal	\ Input
4skill	Numeric	8	2	None	Nona	8 M Right	f Scale	\ Input

Practice Data Set 2

A survey of employees is conducted. Each employee provides the following information: Salary (SALARY), Years of Service (YOS), Sex (SEX), Job Classification (CLASSIFY), and Education Level (EDUC). Note that you will have to code SEX (Male = 1, Female = 2) and CLASSIFY (Clerical = 1, Technical = 2, Professional = 3), and indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale.

	Name	A Jj?>	[Jwidth	"{"Decimals]	Label Values	Missin	g ] Columns	E Align	Measure	T~ Role
1	salary	Numeric	8	2	None	None	8	9 Right	f Scale	S Input
2	yos	Numeric	8	2	None	None	8	m Right	# Scale	\ Input
3	sex	Numeric	8	2	(1 00. Male)	None	8	m Right	Nominal	\ Input
4	classify	Numeric	8	2	{1 00, Cleric	None	8	9 Right	A Nominal	\ Input
5	educ	Numeric	8	2	None	None	8	9 Right	f Scale	\ Input

SALARY	YOS	SEX	CLASSIFY	EDUC
35,000	8	Male	Technical	14
18,000	4	Female	Clerical	10
20,000	1	Male	Professional	16
50,000	20	Female	Professional	16
38,000	6	Male	Professional	20
20,000	6	Female	Clerical	12
75,000	17	Male	Professional	20
40,000	4	Female	Technical	12
30,000	8	Male	Technical	14
22,000	15	Female	Clerical	12
23,000	16	Male	Clerical	12
45,000	2	Female	Professional	16

Practice Data Set 3

Participants who have phobias are given one of three treatments (CONDITION). Their anxiety level (1 to 10) is measured at three intervals?before treatment (ANXPRE), one hour after treatment (ANX1HR), and again four hours after treatment (ANX4HR). Note that you will have to code the variable CONDITION and indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale.

	Name	Type	J Width	{ Decimals	Label	j Values	J_ Missing	Columns	Align	Meesure	Role
1	anxpre	Numeric	8	2		None	None	8	m Right	^ Scale	\ Input
2	anxlhr	Numeric	8	2		None	None	8	31 Right	f Scale	\ Input
3	anx4hr	Numeric	8	2		None	Nona	8	31 Right	f Scale	\ Inpul
4	condit	Numeric	8	2		11.00. Place	None	8	9 Right	Nominal	\ Inpul

ANXPRE	ANX1HR
8	7	7	Placebo
10	10	10	Placebo
9	7	8	Placebo
7	6	6	Placebo
7	7	7	Placebo
9	4	5	Valium*
10	6	8	Valium*
9	5	5	Valium*
8	3	5	Valium31
	3	4	Valium*
8	5	3	Experimental Drug
6	5	2	Experimental Drug
9	8	4	Experimental Drug
10	9	4	Experimental Drug
7	6	3	Experimental Drug

The following exercises utilize the path model depicted below as well as the dataset country-c.sav. Specifically, the variables of Indocs (z1), Ingdp (z2), deathrat (z3), birthrat (z4), and lifeexpf(5s) will be utilized. Determine the path decompositions for the model. Be sure to label which are direct (D), indirect (I), unanalyzed (U), and spurious (S). Identify the regression analyses necessary for testing this initial model. Create a correlation matrix that includes all model variables. Conduct the regression analyses identi fied in Question 2. What are the following path coefficients? a. r12 = b. P 31 = c. P 42 = d. P52 = e. P 53 = f. P 54 = 1 4. Applying the path decompositions from Question 1, calculate the reproduced correlations. 5. Which reproduced correlations differ from the empirical correlations by more than .05? 6. Is this model consistent with empirical data? If not, what would you recommend to revise the model ? Answer the following: Why reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity, reliability as a multiple correlation? You will work on examining the instruments used for reliability. Cronk 6th edition PASW; answer all practice exercises; post your results here: Pg58: Practice Exercise The average salary in the United States is $25,000. Determine if the average salary of the participants in Practice Data Set 2 in Appendix B is significantly greater than this value. Note that this is a one-tailed hypothesis. Practice Data Set 1 You have conducted a study in which you collected data from 23 participants. You asked each subject to indicate his or her sex (SEX), age (AGE), and marital status (MARITAL). You gave each subject a test to measure mathematics skills (SKILL), where the higher scores indicated a higher skill level. The data are presented below. Note that you will have to code the variables SEX and MARITAL and also indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale. SEX M F F M M F F F M M F M F M M AGE 23 35 40 19 28 35 20 29 29 40 24 23 18 21 50 MARITAL Single Married Divorced Single Married Divorced Single Single Married Married Single Single Single Single Divorced SKILL 34 40 38 20 30 40 38 47 26 24 45 37 44 38 32 2 F F M F M M M F Name WIDTH .... TYPE 25 20 24 37 42 35 23 40 Decimals Labels 1 sex Numeric 8 Numeric 8 Numeric 8 2 Numeric 8 2 4skill Missing Columns Align None B m Right Jt) Nominal N Input None 2 3 j marital Values 29 38 19 29 42 59 45 20 |1 00. Male} 2 2 age Single Single Single Married Married Married Single Divorced None 8 9 Right / Scale \\ Input . None 8 31 Right > Nominal \\ Input f Scale \\ Input (1 00, Singl.e. None Nona 8 Measure ITIoflvUlw M Right Role Practice Data Set 2 A survey of employees is conducted. Each employee provides the following infor mation: Salary (SALARY), Years of Service (YOS), Sex (SEX), Job Classification (CLASSIFY), and Education Level (EDUC). Note that you will have to code SEX (Male = 1, Female = 2) and CLASSIFY (Clerical = 1, Technical = 2, Professional = 3), and indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale. Name A Jj?> "{"Decimals] 8 2 None None 8 9 Right f Scale yos Numeric 8 2 None None 8 m Right # Scale 3 sex Numeric 8 2 (1 00. Male) None 8 m Right 4 classify Numeric 8 2 {1 00, Cleric None 8 9 Right A Nominal \\ Input 5 educ Numeric 8 2 None None 8 9 Right f Scale \\ Input salary 2 SALARY 35,000 18,000 20,000 50,000 38,000 20,000 75,000 40,000 30,000 22,000 23,000 45,000 YOS 8 4 1 20 6 6 17 4 8 15 16 2 Label Values Missin g ] Columns SEX Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female CLASSIFY Technical Clerical Professional Professional Professional Clerical Professional Technical Technical Clerical Clerical Professional E Align Measure T~ Role [Jwidth Numeric 1 Nominal S Input \\ Input \\ Input EDUC 14 10 16 16 20 12 20 12 14 12 12 16 Practice Data Set 3 Participants who have phobias are given one of three treatments (CONDITION). Their anxiety level (1 to 10) is measured at three intervalsbefore treatment (ANXPRE), one hour after treatment (ANX1HR), 3 and again four hours after treatment (ANX4HR). Note that you will have to code the variable CONDITION and indicate that they are measured on a nominal scale. J Width { Decimals j Values J_ Missing Columns 1 anxpre Name Numeric 8 2 None None 8 m Right ^ Scale \\ Input 2 anxlhr Numeric 8 2 None None 8 31 Right f Scale \\ Input 3 anx4hr Numeric 8 2 None Nona 8 31 Right f Scale \\ Inpul 4 condit Numeric 8 2 11.00. Place None 8 9 Right ANXPRE 8 10 9 7 7 9 10 9 8