The following independent situations raise questions about an auditors ethical conduct:

1. An auditor accepts an engagement knowing that she does not have the specialist knowledge required.

2. An auditor discloses confidential information about a client to a successor auditor.

3. A public accountant agrees to be the committee chairperson for a local fundraising activity.

4. An auditor accepts a commission from an insurance company for recommending it to one of its audit clients.

required: Indicate in each of the above situation whether the effect on professional ethics is (i) a violation or (ii) not a violation, and explain the reason