The following material costs are anticipated over a 5-year period: $9,000, $11,000, $14,000, $18,000, and $23,000. It is estimated that a 4% inflation rate will apply over the time period in question. The material costs given above are expressed in then-current dollars. The time value of money, excluding inflation, is estimated to be 7%. Determine the present worth equivalent for material cost using the then-current costs.

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