The following present value factors are provided for use in this problem. Periods 1 2 3 4 Present Value of $1 at 8% 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 0.7350 Present Value of an Annuity of $1 at 8% 0.9259 1.7833 2.5771 3.3121 Cliff Company wants to purchase an asset for $40,000 but needs to earn a return of 8%. The expected year-end net cash flows are $12,000 in each of the first three years, and $16,000 in the fourth year. What is the machine's net present value (round to the nearest whole dollar)