The following present value factors are provided for use in this problem. Periods Present Value of $1 at 8% Present Value of an Annuity of $1 at 8% 1 0.9259 0.9259 2 0.8573 1.7833 3 0.7938 2.5771 4 0.7350 3.3121 Cliff Company wants to purchase an asset for $40,000, but needs to earn a return of 8%. The expected year-end net cash flows are $12,000 in each of the first three years, and $16,000 in the fourth year. The machine is expected to have no salvage value at the end of it's useful life. What is the machine's net present value (round to the nearest whole dollar)?