1. The following selected data were taken from the financial statements of Vidahill Inc. for December 31, 20Y7, 20Y6, and 20Y5:

   		December 31
   		20Y7		20Y6		20Y5
   Total assets		$233,000		$210,000		$187,000
   Notes payable (8% interest)		80,000		80,000		80,000
   Common stock		32,000		32,000		32,000
   Preferred 7% stock, $100 par		16,000		16,000		16,000
   	(no change during year)
   Retained earnings		80,620		58,730		48,000

   The 20Y7 net income was $23,010, and the 20Y6 net income was $11,850. No dividends on common stock were declared between 20Y5 and 20Y7. Preferred dividends were declared and paid in full in 20Y6 and 20Y7.

   a. Determine the return on total assets, the return on stockholders' equity, and the return on common stockholders equity for the years 20Y6 and 20Y7. Round percentages to one decimal place.

   	20Y7		20Y6
   Return on total assets		%		%
   Return on stockholders equity		%		%
   Return on common stockholders equity		%		%

   b. The profitability ratios indicate that the company's profitability has . Since the rate of return on total assets is the return on stockholders' equity in both years, there must be leverage from the use of debt.