The following table has six separate descriptions of inventory errors assuming the use of a periodic inventory system.

Inventory Error	Cost of Goods Sold	Pretax Income	Ending Inventory
a. Ending inventory overstated
b. Ending inventory and purchases overstated
c. Ending inventory understated
d. Ending inventory and purchases understated
e. Beginning inventory overstated
f. Beginning inventory understated

all answers are chosen from the three choices

Overstated Understated No effect