The following table provides the income statement data for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo for the fiscal year 2018. Please perform the required analyses:

($ millions)	Coca-Cola	PepsiCo
Net sales	$31,856	$64,661
Cost of sales	$12,283	$32,421
Gross profit	$19,573	$32,240
Operating expenses	$11,204	$23,456
Operating income	$8,369	$8,784
Interest and other (income) expense	$500	$1,200
Earnings before provision for income taxes	$7,869	$7,584
Provision for income taxes	$2,450	$2,368
Net earnings	$5,419	$5,216

Required: a. Compute the gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin for each company in 2018. b. Calculate the return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) for each company. Assume Coca-Cola's equity is $22,450 million and total assets are $87,296 million, while PepsiCo's equity is $15,678 million and total assets are $79,800 million. c. Determine the debt-to-equity ratio for each company. d. Discuss which company appears more profitable based on your calculations and provide reasons for your conclusion. e. Perform a trend analysis for net earnings by comparing 2017 and 2016 data, which are $4,895 million and $4,053 million for Coca-Cola and $4,923 million and $3,897 million for PepsiCo, respectively.