The force velocity curve shows that most force is produced at no velocity. That is, when there is no movement, just like in Jump Condition 1. If that is the case, then we would expect Jump Condition 1 to result in a higher vertical jump? Why was vertical jump height in Jump Condition 1 lower for both the sedentary person and marathon runner than the vertical jump height they obtained in Jump Condition 3?

Condition 1: Jump vertically but starting the jump with the knees already bent

Marathon Runner Jump Height: 10 cm

Sedentary person Jump Height: 12 cm

Condition 3: Jump vertically using arms

Marathon Runner Jump Height: 40 cm

Sedentary person Jump Height: 52 cm