The force-displacement graph of a crate that was pushed horizontally is shown at right. Refer to the graph to answer questions 1621. 16. How far did the crate move horizontally? 1?. What was the magnitude of the force that acted on the crate? 18. What does the area under the graph represent? Force (N) 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.?0 Displacement (m) 19. How much work was done in moving the crate 0.10 m? 20. Suppose you wanted to know the amount of work done in moving the crate 0.40 m. First, find the amount of work done using the graph. Then use the equation for calculating work to find the amount of work. How do your answers compare? 21. On the force-displacement graph above, draw a line that shows that the force uniformly increases from 30.0 N to 40.0 N as the crate is pushed from 0.50 m to 0.70 m. What is the total amount of work done on the crate as it moves from 0.0 m to 0.70 m? WORK, ENERGY, AND MACHINES Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once. compound machine efficiency effort force energy ideal mechanical advantage PHP'P'P 1D. 11. 12. 13. 14. joule resistance force kinetic energy translational kinetic energy machine watt mechanical advantage work power work-energy theorem can be calculated by comparing a machine's output work to its input work. Mn} is a device that changes the magnitude or the direction of a force. Aln} consists of two or more simple machines linked so that the resistance force of one machine becomes the effort force of the second machine. The is the force exerted by a load on a machine. Energy due to linear motion is A is a unit of power defined as 1 joule per second. The is the force exerted by a person on a machine. The states that the work done on an object equals the change in energy of the object. The ability of an object to produce a change in itself or its surroundings is called The energy that results from the motion of an object is called The rate at which energy is transformed is called The ratio of the resistance force of a machine to its effort force is its The is the SI unit used for work. You can calculate _ by multiplying force, the distance through which the force is applied, and the cosine of the angle between the force and displacement. SECTION 1 Work and Energy In your textbook, read about work and energy. For each phrase on the left, write the letter of the matching item. a. W 1. calculation of kinetic energy b. Fd cos 0 2. calculation of work c. mv' 2 d. W = AE 3. equivalent to kg.m/s e. J f. KE 4. statement that the work done on an object is equal to the object's change in energy 5. symbol for kinetic energy 6. symbol for work In your textbook, read about work and energy change and calculating work. For each statement below, write true or rewrite the italicized part to make the statement true. 7. Through the process of doing work, energy can move between the external world and the system as the result of forces. 8 If the external world does work on the system, the quantity of work is negative. 9. If the external world does work on the system, the energy of the system increases. 10. If the system does work on the external world, the energy of the system remains the same. 11. In the equation W = Fd, it is assumed that the force varies and is exerted in the direction of displacement. 12. In the equation W = Fd cos 0, angle O is the angle between the direction of the force and the direction of the displacement. For questions 13-15, draw an arrow in the shaded box that shows the direction of the force. 13. W> 0 14. W =0 15. W d -> d ->