The foregoing review of the concepts of an undeveloped economy must have provided some insight into the characteristics of a developing economy. Various emerging nations are very different from one another. While some nations, such as those in Africa, do not confront the challenge of fast population increase, others must deal with the repercussions. Some emerging nations are heavily reliant on primary product exports, while others demonstrate no such reliance.

Question 15: What is the likelihood of developing analgesic nephropathy in a patient using a moderate daily dosage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs; ibuprofen 800 mg once day for tension headache)? Question 16: Can analgesic nephropathy be caused by regular dosages of paracetamol in the 1 g/day range? If so, how long will it take? Question 17: Allopurinol is a drug that is used to treat uric acid stones and is also one of the causes of renal calculi. Could you kindly explain how it works? In the presence of renal artery stenoses, why should we avoid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as hypertensive therapy? What are the chances of their causing acute renal failure? What else can we give this patient to control his hypertension? Is using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the case of unilateral renal artery stenosis contraindicated? 1. How accurate is the renal duplex in diagnosing renal artery stenosis? 2. When it comes to identifying renal artery stenosis, is magnetic resonance angiography better than renal duplex? Question 21 Is ultrasonography accurate in identifying renal calculi? Question 22: In the 32nd week of pregnancy, please describe the most efficient strategy to address a case of intrauterine fetal unilateral hydronephrosis. Question 23: Why does oedema appear first in the periorbital region in renal failure and nowhere else? Question 24: Why does sodium valproate lower serum urea levels when GI bleeding raises them?