The Kollar Company has a defined benefit pension plan. Pension information concerning the fiscal years 2018 and 2019 are presented below ($ in millions):

Information Provided by Pension Plan Actuary:

a. Projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 2017 = $1,800

b. Prior service cost from plan amendment on January 2, 2018, = $400 (straight-line amortization for 10-year average remaining service period)

c. Service cost for 2018 = $520

d. Service cost for 2019 = $570

e. Discount rate used by an actuary on projected benefit obligation for 2018 and 2019 = 10%

f. Payments to retirees in 2018 = $380

g. Payments to retirees in 2019 = $450

h. No changes in actuarial assumptions or estimates

i. Net gain—AOCI on January 1, 2018, = $230

j. Net gains and losses are amortized for 10 years in 2018 and 2019

Information Provided by Pension Fund Trustee:

a. Plan asset balance at fair value on January 1, 2018 = $1,600

b. 2018 contributions = $540

c. 2019 contributions = $590

d. Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets = 12%

e. 2018 actual return on plan assets = $180

f. 2019 actual return on plan assets = $210

1. Calculate pension expense for 2018 and 2019.

2. Prepare the journal entries for 2018 and 2019 to record pension expenses.

3. Prepare the journal entries for 2018 and 2019 to record any gains and losses and new prior service costs.

4. Prepare the journal entries for 2018 and 2019 to record the cash contribution to plan assets and benefit payments to retirees.