The leader has several roles in strategic planning, such as being an effective communicator, visionary, proactive participant, and being in touch with the organization's culture. In Al-Dhaafri and Alosani (2022), the authors stated that leaders should "decide proactively on the direction and objective of their organization" (p. 384). Al-Dhaafri and Alosani (2021) also stated that "leadership is the one who plans, implements and controls before progress is achieved" (p. 383)