The lessons learnt from the king's challenge . . a Provides an analogy to development projects that has interesting implications into the nature of project risk b Initially - no one know the false coin - however according to Hartley's formula - a set of experiments can be designed to identify the false coin with certainty. The key is to finding a suitable design paradigm of experiments. c More difficult projects with greater uncertainty of outcome may still be without risk. They simply may require more effort invested in longer sequence of experiments