The location in a sampling distribution where a researcher identifies that a sample obtained in a study is evidently a treated sample (i.e., is substantially different from the expected value of the mean) is a. the central limit theorem, b. a decision criteria and is typically associated with a specific probability (i.e., an alpha level), c. a theoretical notion that is important to statisticians but is typically not a practical concern to researchers, d. none of the above; sampling distributions are theoretical in nature and so have no real "locations