The management of Kunkel Company is considering the purchase of a $$23,000$ machine that would reduce operating costs by $$5,000$ per year. At the end of the machine$$s five$-$year useful life, it will have zero salvage value. The company$$s required rate of return is $12\%.$

Click here to view Exhibit $12$B$-1$ and Exhibit $12$B$-2,$ to determine the appropriate discount factor$($s$)$ using table.

Required:

$1.$ Determine the net present value of the investment in the machine.

$2.$ What is the difference between the total, undiscounted cash inflows and cash outflows over the entire life of the machine?