The management of Kunkel Company is considering the purchase of a $27,000 machine that would reduce operating costs by $7,000 per year. At the end of the machine's five-year useful life, it will have zero scrap value. The company's required rate of return is 12%. Click here to view Exhibit 11B-1and Exhibit 11B-2. to appropriate discount factor(s) using determine the tables. Required: Determine the net present value of the investment in the machine. (Any cash outflows should be Indicated by a minus sign. Use the appropriate table to determine the discount factor(s).)