The management of Kunkel Company is considering the purchase of a $43,000 machine that would reduce operating costs by $9,000 per year. At the end of the machine's five-year useful life, it will have zero scrap value. The company's required rate of return is 12%. Use Excel or a financial calculator to solve. Required: Determine the net present value of the investment in the machine. (Any cash outflows should be indicated by a minus sign. Round answers to the nearest dollar.) What is the difference between the total, undiscounted cash inflows and cash outflows over the entire life of the machine? (Any cash outflows should be indicated by a minus sign.)