The marginal cost of capital rises 1. because the cost of retained earnings exceeds the cost of new shares 2. because the cost of new shares exceeds the cost of retained earnings 3. if the firm issues secured debt instead of debentures 4. if the firm issues debentures instead of secured debt 1) 1 and 3 2) 1 and 4 3) 2 and 3 4) 2 and 4