The market value of EEL Ltd's equity is $50 million and it has $50 million debt. Management intends to issue bonds $20 million worth of bonds and use the proceeds to repurchase some outstanding shares.
Examine whether the value of EEL will increase or decrease under the following scenarios:
(i) no corporate tax and no bankruptcy costs,
(ii) corporate tax rate is 17% and no bankruptcy costs and
(iii) corporate tax rate is 17% and with bankruptcy costs.