The Mid-term Exam A

1.Which one of the following is not part of a general definition of leadership?

a.exercise of control

b.group phenomenon

c.influence

d.hierarchy

2.While _________ are an important aspect of leadership effectiveness, the key element is ___________.

a.leader style; providing direction

b.internal processes; outcome

c.goal achievement;

stakeholder satisfaction

d.empowerment; participation

3.Bob, a salesperson for ABC, Inc., relies heavily on his supervisor to provide annual goals and direction was well as to clarify activities for the upcoming year. Which reason for 'why we need leaders' best fits this situation?

a.to keep groups orderly and focused

b.to accomplish tasks

c.to make sense of the world

d.to be romantic ideals

4.Helgesen 's research about gender differences in management found that .

a.women are better managers

b.women preferred face-to-face communication

c.women managers often have to focus on their job at the expense of personal life

d.women are more isolated then men

5.Leaders shape the culture of their organization through all but one of the following:

a.role modeling

b.the reward system

c.market research

d.hiring decisions related to employees and other managers and leaders

6.In a results oriented organization that focuses on quality and teamwork, which level of organizational structure should assume primary responsibility?

a.senior executives

b.mid-level managers

c.front line supervisors

d.employees

7.________ is/are barriers to changes in organizations and leaders.

a.Lack of teams in upper management

b.Open structures and ill-defined goals

c.Global cultural changes

d.The focus on team rewards

8.Apple's highly demanding work environment has been attributed to:

a.Steve Job's ethical behavior

b.the culture of the organization

c.the lack of challenging, performance expectations

d.the national culture

9.National organizational heritage refers to:

a.the wealth of each organization

b.the culture of different organizations

c.the management styles based on national cultures

d.organizational events that shape national culture

10.Which of the items is one of Hofstede's five dimensions of culture?

a.Power distance

b.Egalitarian

c.High context

d.Performance orientation

11.Individualistic cultures tend to:

a.expect people to conform to social norms before they become independent

b.emphasize performance over social support

c.focus on individual achievement

d.value material goods

12.Japanese culture is characterized with strong feelings toward group with clear rank and status differentiation as well as an obligation to obey authority.This is best described as which combination of Triandis characteristics of culture?

a.individualistic and vertical

b.individualistic and horizontal

c.collectivistic and vertical

d.collectivistic and horizontal

13.Effective leaders in an organization with a family culture are best described as:

a.demonstrating a team-orientation

b.committed to individual achievement

c.making use of formal authority to accomplish tasks

d.uses limited participation behaviors

14.According to Trompenaars, guided missiles are:

a.egalitarian and focused on taking care of individual needs.

b.egalitarian and focused on the task.

c.hierarchical and focused on taking care of people.

d.hierarchical and driven to accomplish tasks.

15.The belief that leaders are born rather than made is part of which approach to leadership?

a.scientific

b.contingency

c.case study

d.trait

16.The behavior approach to leadership has several advantages.They include all but one of the following:

a.behaviors can be observed more objectively than traits

b.behaviors can be measured more precisely than traits

c.behaviors can be taught, whereas traits are innate

d.behaviors are richer and more complex than traits

17.A low LPC leader draws self-esteem from:

a.power.

b.getting along with people.

c.managing conflict.

d.accomplishing tasks well.

18.According to Fiedler, there are several factors that describe the leadership situation.Which of the following is not part of situation?

a.leader-member relations

b.task structure

c.follower maturity

d.position power

19.According to the Contingency Model, task-motivated leaders will be most effective in which type of situation?

a.high-control

b.moderate control

c.low control

d.all situations

20.Which of the following is not one of decision styles used in Normative Decision Model?

a.Autocratic

b.Individual

c.Consultative

d.Group

21.Which motivation theory is one of the concepts included in Path-Goal Theory?

a.Maslow's need hierarchy

b.Goal setting

c.Expectancy theory

d.ARG theory

22.Jose believes in being honest in all situations.This is a reflection of Jose's __________.

a.values

b.personal choice

c.culture

d.temperament

23.Which one of the following influences a person's value system?

a.abilities

b.skills

c.leadership

d.culture

24.Enjoyment of life and desire for autonomy and flexibility are values typically held by people in which of the following age groups?

a.Those over 65

b.Those from 50 to 65

c.Those 40 to 50

d.Those 30 to40

25._____________ and ______________ are often terms used to describe creativity.

a.Divergent; lateral thinking

b.Opportunistic; thrill seeking

c.Bold; aggressive

d.Strategic; forward looking

26.Which of the following is not part of the Big Five personality dimensions?

a.conscientiousness

b.emotional intelligence

c.openness to experience

d.agreeableness

27.People with a proactive personality tend to have

a.greater job satisfaction

b.less job satisfaction

c.less control over daily life activities

d.greater stress

28.High self-monitors may have an advantage in leadership because:

a.they are better planners

b.they set challenging goals

c.they are flexible

d.they handle power well

29.___________ is power vested in a formal position.

a.Control

b.Persuasion

c.Authority

d.Influence

30.In __________ cultures, power bases are stable, and upward mobility is limited.

a.individualistic

b.socialized

c.vertical power

d.high power distance

31.The power of celebrities to influence others is based on which source of individual power?

a.legitimate

b.referent

c.informational

d.reward

32.Which of the following is not one of the organizational sources of power?

a.centrality

b.dependency

c.substitutability

d.organicity

33.The individual power source of "rewards" is equivalent to which source of top executive power?

a.distribution of resources

b.control of decision criteria

c.centrality

d.access to all levels

34.Employee compliance, flattery, and unwillingness to speak out contribute to a corrupt leader's reliance on ___________.

a.empowerment

b.financial measures

c.coercive methods

d.communication

35.The underlying theme of empowerment is:

a.delegating all power to employees

b.sharing power with those who need it to perform their job

c.setting goals that everyone can achieve easily

d.centralizing decision making in the team

36.The modern approach to charismatic leadership is primarily associated with which of the following researchers?

a.Bass and House

b.Stogdill and Fiedler

c.Kirkpatrick and Locke

d.Vroom and Yetton

37.Which of the following is not a characteristic of charismatic leaders?

a.Excellent communication skills

b.Strong level of conviction

c.High energy and enthusiasm

d.Ability to make decisions on their own

38.Although ____________ is an important component of leadership in the U.S., it is generally not valued in many other cultures.

a.team building

b.risk-taking

c.decisiveness

d.intelligence

39.___________ and __________ are both different types of transactional leadership.

a.Follower maturity; power

b.Individualized attention; charisma

c.Contingent reward; management by exception

d.Intellectual stimulation; inspiration

40.The ____________ factor of transformational leadership develops followers' trust, overcomes their resistance to change and makes it possible for them to consider and undertake change.

a.charisma and inspiration

b.intellectual stimulation

c.individual consideration

d.internal clarification

41.Antonio has been through a training to become a transformational leader. He has learned to provide a vision and project confidence. Based on that training, what else should he do?

a.Create clear reporting structures.

b.Motivate employees using rewards and punishment.

c.Treat everyone equally and fairly.

d.Establish a personal relationship with followers.

42.The roots of authentic leadership can be traced as far back as .

a.Bass and Avolio

b.Rogers and Maslow

c.House and Fielder

d.Kirkpatrick and Locke

43.Authentic leaders win over followers by .

a.making effective use of rational persuasion

b.using arguments and rhetoric

c.the strength of their belief

d.developing coalitions and social networks

44.includes all of the outside forces that potentially affect the organization.

a.Environment

b.Structure

c.Technology

d.Strategy

45.The ________ the organization, the ________ the power and discretion of its top leader.

a.more complex; less

b.more diverse; more

c.smaller; more

d.more uncertain; less

46.As a general rule, the power and discretion of the CEO increase when:

a.the TMT members are similar to the leader.

b.the CEO has considerable international experience.

c.the company goes public

d.a board of directors is put in place to help the CEO

47.Ashley is most comfortable when she is fully in charge of her group and likes to keep things as they are.Which strategic leadership type is she?

a.High-control innovator

b.Participative innovator

c.Status quo guardian

d.Process manager

48.Culturally endorsed leadership theories (CLTs) were proposed by __________.

a.GLOBE researchers

b.Hofstede

c.Trompenaars

d.Hall

49.In 2012, the average salary of CEOs in Standard and Poor's top 500 companies was:

a.Over $4 million

b.between $400,000 and $800,000

c.between $2 and $4 million

d.a little over $1 million

50.According to the Bridgespan Group's 2006 study, there are the number of nonprofit organizations compared to 20 years ago.

a.two times

b.three times

c.five times

d.ten times