The National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting (NCFFR) recognized that analytics in its various forms was the best fraud tool. The use of analytics would have discovered most of the 50 most significant frauds in American history. The perpetrators of the Equity Funding Fraud reversed the process and created analytics to be consistent with the inflated revenues to fool the auditors, investors, insurance regulators, and Wall Street. State insurance premium taxes were paid to the appropriate taxing authorities on both genuine and fictitious policies. Expenses were falsified to give the appearance that a normal relationship existed between premium income and expenses such as commissions, and credit reports. Records of death claims on valid and fictitious policies, were falsified to manifest an appropriate relationship. Reported lapses of policies on fictitious policyholders were designed to be consistent with actual policyholders. Question 8 What type of sampling/analytics techniques could have been used by the auditors to discover the fraud? List three techniques that the auditors should have used and explain how they would have helped.