1. The nation-state of Benvoria would like to enter several preferential trade (PTAs) and regional trade arrangements (RTAs) with several nation-states including Honover and Jadonia. The primary intent of Benvoria is to ensure that special tariff rates are agreed upon among these territories to foster trade among them. The trade specialists from both territories have conflicting views regarding the benefit of PTAs and RTAs. The trade specialists from Benvoria argue that PTAs and RTAs assist to foster enhanced trade relations among WTO member states and territories. 
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3. The trade specialists from Honover and Jadonia have an opposing view and they argue that PTAs and RTAs result in a less liberalized trade arrangement among WTO member states and territories. You are a representative from the WTO asked to assess the conclusions drawn by both groups of trade specialists. In memo form, provide a detailed assessment of the role and impact of PTAs and RTAs on the WTO trading system, making specific reference to the implications of these agreements to tariff and non-tariff barriers. Ensure that in your writings you provide details concerning the distinction between PTAs and RTAs.