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The Northern country and the Southern country are otherwise similar, but a larger proportion of the households in the Southern country have credit constraints than


The Northern country and the Southern country are otherwise similar, but a larger proportion of the households in the Southern country have credit constraints than the households in the Northern country. Draw the consumption functions of these two countries (which describe how consumption depends on income) on the coordinate grid. (Hint: Your task is to draw them qualitatively correctly in the sense that the slope of one is larger/smaller than the other. The exact form of the functions is not known and you do not need to invent it). Choose the correct options from the following:

A. The consumption function of the southern country is steeper because its inhabitants have a lower marginal propensity to consume, and therefore they cannot easily smooth out their consumption over time.

B. In the northern country, the consumption function is softer, because its inhabitants can more easily smooth out their consumption over time.

C. In the northern country, the consumption function is steeper.

D. None of the above is correct.


"Tehtv 2.1 (original)

Pohjoinen maa ja Etelinen maa ovat muuten samanlaisia, mutta Etelisen maan kotitalouksista suurempi osa on luottorajoitteisia kuin Pohjoisen maan kotitalouksista. Tt tehtv varten pohjustukseksi voit lukea kirjasta luvussa 13.6 olevan jakson luottorajoitteista (otsikko: credit constraints).

Piirr koordinaatistoihin niden kahden maan kulutusfunktiot (jotka siis kuvaavat sit, miten kulutus riippuu tuloista). (Vihje: Tehtvsi on piirt ne laadullisesti oikein siin mieless, ett toisen kulmakerroin on suurempi/pienempi kuin toisen. Funktioiden tsmllinen muoto ei ole tiedossa, eik sinun tarvitse sit keksi). Valitse seuraavista oikeat valinnat:

A. Etelisen maan kulutusfunktio on jyrkempi, koska sen asukkaiden rajakulutusalttius on pienempi, eivtk he siksi voi tasoittaa kulutustaan helposti yli ajan.

B. Pohjoisessa maassa kulutusfunktio on loivempi, koska sen asukkaat voivat helpommin tasoittaa kulutustaan yli ajan.

C. Pohjoisessa maassa kulutusfunktio on jyrkempi.

D. Mikn yll olevista ei ole oikein."


TASK 2.2 (translated from Finnish)

Continue task 2.1 and now draw the AD curves for each country in the initial situation. Then draw a picture of a situation where both countries' exports suddenly decrease from X to X'. (So suppose that the export of both is X in the initial situation, and after the export is reduced, the export of both is X'). Choose from the options the one that describes your designs:

A. A decrease in exports lowers the AD curve more in the Southern country.

B. A decrease in exports shifts the AD curve down by the same amount in both countries.

C. A decrease in exports shifts the AD curve down more in the Northern country.

D. A change in exports shifts the AD curve up in the northern country.

"TEHTV 2.2 (original)

Jatka tehtv 2A ja piirr nyt kummallekin maalle AD-kyrt lhttilanteessa. Piirr sitten kuviin tilanne, jossa molempien maiden vienti vhenee yhtkki X:st X':n. (Oleta siis, ett molempien vienti on lhttilanteessa suuruudeltaan X ja viennin vhentymisen jlkeen molempien vienti on suuruudeltaan X'). Valitse vaihtoehdoista se, joka kuvaa kuvioitasi:

A. Viennin vheneminen laskee AD-kyr enemmn Etelisess maassa.

B. Viennin vheneminen siirt AD-kyr alaspin yht paljon molemmissa maissa.

C. Viennin vheneminen siirt AD-kyr alaspin enemmn Pohjoisessa maassa.

D. Viennin muutos siirt AD-kyr ylspin pohjoisessa maassa."


TASK 2.3 (translated from Finnish)

This is a direct continuation of the previous task. Consider whether a similar change in exports (an export shock) affects the GDP of the two countries in different ways? Why / why not?

Choose from the options that describe your pattern:

A. The described change in exports reduces the gross national product more in the Northern country.

B. The change in exports does not affect the gross domestic product of either country.

C. The described change in exports reduces the gross national product more in the Southern country.

D. The multiplier effects caused by the export shock are smaller in the Northern country.


"TEHTV 2.3 (original)

Tm on suoraa jatkoa edelliselle tehtvlle. Mieti, vaikuttaako samanlainen viennin muutos (vientishokki) niden kahden maan bruttokansantuotteesen eri tavoin? Miksi / miksi ei? Valitse vaihtoehdoista ne, jotka kuvaavat kuviotasi:

A. Kuvattu viennin muutos vhent bruttokansantuotetta enemmn Pohjoisessa maassa.

B. Viennin muutos ei vaikuta kummankaan maan bruttokansantuotteeseen.

C. Kuvattu viennin muutos vhent bruttokansantuotetta enemmn Etelisess maassa.

D. Vientishokin aiheuttamat kerroinvaikutukset ovat pienempi Pohjoisessa maassa."

TASK 2.4 (translated from Finnish)

Now think of a situation where the Finnish government asks you for advice on planning a fiscal stimulus. One billion euros of money is available and the goal is only to increase total production as efficiently as possible. The government is considering two possible ways to implement the recovery:

(a) the money is paid as a lump sum to households receiving income support so that everyone is given the same amount and it does not affect their other benefits, or

(b) the money is distributed as a one-time payment to households earning just over 100,000 euros. You can assume that the amounts are small enough that they will not affect anyone's supply of work, the general price level, etc. Which option do you recommend to the government? Why? Choose the correct ones from the options and justifications:


A. Option (a) is your recommended option in the situation. It leads to higher production growth.

B. Option (b) is your recommended choice in the situation. It leads to higher production growth.

C. Decisive from the point of view of selection are the marginal consumption propensities of the target groups.

D. It doesn't matter which group the support is allocated to, because there is only one marginal propensity to consume at the level of the overall economy.


"TEHTV 2.4 (original)

Ajattele nyt tilannetta, jossa Suomen hallitus pyyt sinulta neuvoa finanssipoliittisen elvytyksen suunnittelussa. Rahaa on kytss miljardi euroa ja tavoitteena on vain ja ainoastaan kokonaistuotannon kasvattaminen mahdollisimman tehokkaasti. Hallitus harkitsee kahta mahdollista tapaa toteuttaa elvytys:

(a) rahat maksetaan kertasuorituksena toimeentulotukea saaville kotitalouksille niin, ett kaikille annetaan sama raha ja se ei vaikuta heidn muihin tukiinsa, tai

(b) rahat jaetaan kertasuorituksena tasan yli 100 000 euroa tienaaville kotitalouksille. Voit olettaa, ett summat ovat sen verran pieni, ett ne eivt vaikuta kenenkn tyn tarjontaan, yleiseen hintatasoon tms. Kumpaa vaihtoehtoa suosittelet hallitukselle? Miksi? Valitse vaihtoehdoista ja perusteluista oikeat:

A. Vaihtoehto (a) on suosittelemasi vaihtoehto tilanteessa. Se johtaa suurempaan tuotannon kasvuun.

B. Vaihtoehto (b) on suosittelemasi valinta tilanteessa. Se johtaa suurempaan tuotannon kasvuun.

C. Ratkaisevaa valinnan kannalta on kohderyhmien rajakulutusalttiudet.

D. Ei ole merkityst sill kummalle ryhmlle tuki kohdennetaan, sill kokonaistalouden tasolla on vain yksi rajakulutusalttius."

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