The Objective$-$Task method addresses the major problem of the rule$-$of$-$thumb methods by applying funds to accomplish a specific goal:

a$.$ so that advertising is a determinant of those results.

b$.$ so that advertising is a consequence of those results.

c$.$ because the manager does not have to have some knowledge or instinct for the proper relationship between expenditure level and communication response.

d$.$ none of the answer choices.