The Olympic Athlete Study A sports psychologist working with an Olympic karate team is investigating the best pre-competition training routine for generic (non-fight related) support exercise. Her sample consists of all the competitors in her national karate team (N=150) and she randomly allocates them into three cohorts. The coach of the first cohort modifies his athlete's support exercises to revolve around Interval training, to build cardiovascular efficiency. The coach of the second cohort changes their support exercises to be entirely Plyometric (for explosive power), whilst the coach for the third cohort maintains their current Cardio regime. The sports psychologist measures their athletic performance by the number of full power punches the Olympian can execute on a training dummy in 30 seconds (measured continuously). She gauges this athletic performance at three time points; prior to starting the modified training routine; at the conclusion of the intervention 4-weeks later; and then another 4-weeks after that, in the off- season. Question: Below is one of the outputs that the sports psychologist has received from her ANOVA. Which of the below statements is an accurate assessment that can be drawn from this output? Estimated Marginal Means of MEASURE_1 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects 05 Measure: MEASURE_1 Transformed Variable: Average Type Il Sum Partial Eta Noneent Observed = Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Squared Parameter Power? Intercept 4015572.762 1 4015572762 111032.213 ooo 999 111032.213 1.000 GROUP 272887 2 136.443 3773 025 049 7.545 681 Error 5316.378 147 36.166 Estimated Marginal Means a. Computed using alpha= .05 o Cardio Plyometric Interval GROUP Select one: a. The effect size of the training (GROUP) is small, but the main effect depicted is not particularly interesting in the context of this design. b. The number of punches ranged from just under 93.5 (Cardio) to just under 95.5 (Plyometric). With a mean difference of only approximately 2 punches between each condition we cannot identify a whether there is a significant difference. c. There is a significant main effect of Group, meaning that the sports psychologist need only conduct a post-hoc (or x planned comparison) analysis of this main effect in order to identify which of the training conditions was the best intervention. d. Participants started off low with Cardio, then their performance improved when they started Plyometric training, and although they decreased again slightly when taking part in Interval training, their performance was still higher than Cardio