The Pantry is a small bakery in Plumstead, a suburb in Cape Town, which makes a range of breads and cakes that it sells to coffee shops in and around the neighbourhood. The business rents a building at Plumstead Shopping Centre from a landlord under a short-term lease at a cost of R20 000 per month.

Part of the building is sublet by The Pantry to Manya Coffee, an artisanal coffee outlet, for R3 000 per month under a short-term lease. Subletting part of the building has been successful in encouraging customers to come and buy cakes to have with their coffee.

Consider the following unrelated scenarios relating to The Pantry rental agreements during December 2023:

1. Rent of R20 000, owed to the landlord for rent of the building during December 2023, was still payable at the end of December 2023.

2. Received cash of R9 000 at the end of December 2023 from Manya Coffee in respect of rent for the sub-lease of part of the building from 1 January 2024 to 31 March 2024.

Required: For each of the scenarios listed above, and assuming the recognition criteria are met:

a) Indicate the journal entry to be recorded for each transaction.

b) Explain, with reference to the relevant definitions in the Conceptual Framework, whether the transaction results in an asset, liability, income or expense being recognised in the financial statements of The Pantry for the year ended 31 December 2023. (10 marks per scenario)