The pathogenPhytophthora capsicicauses bell peppers to wilt and die. Because bell peppers are an important commercial crop, this disease has undergone a great deal of agricultural research. It is thought that too much water aids the spread of the pathogen. Two fields are under study. The first step in the research project is to compare the mean soil water content for the two fields. Units are percent water by volume of soil.Field A samples,x₁:

10.2	10.5	15.3	10.6	9.7	10.0	16.6
15.1	15.2	13.8	14.1	11.4	11.5	11.0

Field B samples,x₂:

8.3	8.5	8.4	7.1	8.2	7.1	13.9	12.2
13.4	11.3	12.6	12.6	12.7	12.4	11.3	12.5

(i) Use a calculator to calculatex₁,s₁,x₂, ands₂. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

x1	=
s1	=
x2	=
s2	=

(ii) Assuming the distribution of soil water content in each field is mound-shaped and symmetric, use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that field A has, on average, a higher soil water content than field B. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀:₁=₂;H₁:₁<₂

H₀:₁=₂;H₁:₁>₂

H₀:₁=₂;H₁:₁₂

H₀:₁>₂;H₁:₁=₂ (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?

The Student'st. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations.

The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations.

The Student'st. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations.

The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference₁₂. Do not use rounded values. Round your final answer to three decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) theP-value. ???

Then select a range.

P-value > 0.250

0.125 <P-value < 0.250

0.050 <P-value < 0.125

0.025 <P-value < 0.050

0.005 <P-value < 0.025

P-value < 0.005 Sketch the sampling distribution and show the area corresponding to theP-value.

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Are the data statistically significant at level?

At the= 0.05 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.

At the= 0.05 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant.

At the= 0.05 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.

At the= 0.05 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that mean soil water content is higher in Field A.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that mean soil water content is higher in Field A.

Reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that mean soil water content is higher in Field A

.Reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that mean soil water content is higher in Field