The price of chocolate had been predicted to increase rapidly beginning in late 2013 and continue into 2014, according to theWall Street Journal.The price increase is due to multiple factors, including a shortage of cocoa beans and an increase in demand by consumers.

Although the demand for all chocolate has been increasing, consumer tastes have been gradually shifting towards dark chocolate because of itspurported health benefits.Dark chocolate uses more cocoa beans per ounce than milk chocolate.

So what does the predicted price increase mean for companies that use chocolate and/or cocoa beans?

Questions

1. The Hershey Company produces several products that use chocolate and/or cocoa beans.Which of the following variances for Hershey's chocolate products are likely to be impacted by the projected price increase in the cost of chocolate?Explain your answer.

• a.Direct material price variance
• b. Direct material quantity variance
• c. Direct labor rate variance
• d. Direct labor efficiency variance