the question is given and the solution as well. i just need to understand how the things
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Question:
the question is given and the solution as well. i just need to understand how the things i marked with a ? were calculated please.
![image text in transcribed](https://s3.amazonaws.com/si.experts.images/answers/2024/07/668389e8bed88_552668389e823797.jpg)
![image text in transcribed](https://s3.amazonaws.com/si.experts.images/answers/2024/07/668389e997a8c_553668389e90f9c1.jpg)
![image text in transcribed](https://s3.amazonaws.com/si.experts.images/answers/2024/07/668389ea7a45f_553668389e9d36be.jpg)
![image text in transcribed](https://s3.amazonaws.com/si.experts.images/answers/2024/07/668389eb4c6ff_554668389eaae58d.jpg)
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