The rand hits new levels of volatility

The rand is back as the world's most volatile major currency, and options pricing suggests it's not

going to lose that status any time soon.A gauge of expected swings over the next six months, based on prices of options to buy and sell the rand, has jumped 175 basis points since the beginning of August to 16.1% on Thursday.

Historical volatility climbed 61 basis points to 13.8%, the highest among 16 major developed nation

and emergingmarket currencies tracked by Bloomberg.

That took the spread of implied over realised volatility to the most in almost a year, as traders

hedge against currency fluctuations amid the escalating trade war and concern about South

Africa's fiscal outlook.The premium of options to sell the rand over those to buy it, known as the 25 Delta risk reversal, widened 23 basis points to 338.

South Africa's currency has depreciated 6.5% versus the dollar in August, the worst performance

among emergingmarket currencies after Argentina's peso.

This week alone, it has whipsawed between daily gains of as much as 1.1% and losses of 1.9%.

It strengthened 0.8% to 15.28 per dollar by 14h17 in Johannesburg.

Q.1 Draw a graph illustrating the determination of the equilibrium exchange rate

between the South African Rand and the US dollar.

Analyse the effect of an increase or a decrease in the U.S. inflation on the South

African rand.

Q. 2 The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) seeks to maintain liquidity in the money

market using a variety of monetary instruments. The exchange rate is crucial for

the Reserve Bank to achieve its dual mandate of price stability.

With reference to this and the above case study,

Discuss the importance of the exchange rate in maintaining price stability

NB: There is no graph of missing data on this question