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Question(s): The physics of driving a golf ball. A person, driving a golf ball off a tee, gives the ball a velocity of +28 m/s. The mass of the ball is 0.045 kg, and the duration of the impact with the golf club is 6.0 x 1073 s, 1. What is the momentum of the golf ball after it has been hit? 2. What is the change in momentum of the ball? 3. What is the impulse imparted to the ball? 4. What is the average force applied to the ball by the club? 5. If the ball is to have a greater velocity after being struck, should the contact time with the club be shorter or longer? / Summary In this lesson, we defined the terms impulse and momentum. From Newton's second law we derived the impulse-momentum theorem. This powerful theorem allows us to understand many examples of motion which involve an applied force over a time to change the momentum and velocity of an object. In the lesson, we applied the theorem to a baseball situation. In the following lesson, we build on these important ideas and develop an important conservation law in physics. The impulse, J, of a force is the product of the average force F,, and the time interval At during which the force acts. J = Fgedt Impulse is a vector quantity and has the same direction as the average force. The Sl unit of impulse is the newton-second (N-s) When given a force-time graph, it is possible to determine the impulse acting on an object by finding the area under the curve. The linear momentum of an object, p, is the product of the object's mass, m, and the velocity, v. p=mv Linear momentum is a vector quantity that points in the same direction as velocity. The Sl unit of momentum is the kilogram-metre/second (kg-m/s). The impulse-momentum theorem states that when a net force F acts on an object, the impulse is equal to the change in momentum of the object. FAt = mvg-mv, impulse = final momentum - initial momentum impulse = change in momentum The impulse momentum theorem can be derived from Newton's second law: F = ma. The impulse-momentum theorem can be applied to many situations, especially situations involving sports where an object is struck by another over a very short time