The research question asked by the study was "What are the effects of acutely consuming dark chocolate on inflammatory responses (IL-6) following prolonged exercise?" Like all markers and substances measured in blood, a measurement of 0 indicates absence of that substance.Participants were randomly assigned to either consumedark chocolate (labeled 1), an isomacronutrient control bar (labeled 2), or nothing (level 3)2 hours prior to cycling for 3 hours at 60% maximal oxygen uptake.

Data:

Treatment IL-6 response

1 27.9

1 47.5 1 32.0 1 36.7 1 45.3 1 35.8 1 30.1 1 34.6 1 37.3 1 31.2 2 31.6

2 33.7

2 24.9

2 35.9

2 32.2

2 29.2

2 36.7

2 32.2

2 24.2

2 23.4

3 35.9

3 57.6

3 29.2

3 64.8

3 57.6

3 44.2

3 23.3

3 39.6

3 26.6

3 54.0

Questions:

1)What is the independent variable in this study?

a. type of chocolate bar

b. IL-6

2)What is the highest scale of measurement of the independent variable?

a. Ratio

b. Interval

c. Ordinal

d. Nominal

3)What is the dependent variable?

a. IL-6

b. type of chocolate bar

4)What is the highest scale of measurement of the dependent variable?

a. Interval

b. Ordinal

c. Ratio

d. Nominal

5)What is the null hypothesis of this research question?

a. Type of chocolate bar cannot predict inflammatory response.

b. Exercise cannot predict inflammatory response.

6)What are the mean and standard deviation for the control bar?

a. 35.8+6.3

b. 43.2+14.7

c. 32.8+3.7

d. 30.4+4.8

7)What are the mean and standard deviation for the dark chocolate bar?

a. 30.4+4.8

b. 35.8+6.3

c. 43.2+14.7

d. 33.3+2.6

8)What are the mean and standard deviation for those who consumed nothing?

a. 43.2+14.7

b. 30.4+4.8

c. 27.3+2.1

d. 35.8+6.3

9)Based on Levene's Test, are any homogeneity corrections needed?

a. No; the larger groups have the larger variances

b. No; no need to even check Levene's Test as sample sizes are equal

c. Yes; you should always use homogeneity corrections., even when group sizes are

equal

d. No; Levene's Test indicates equal variances between groups.

10)What is the correct American Psychology Association (APA) style report for the ANOVA?

a. F(2, 16.3) = 4.7,p< .05, partial2= .25

b. F(2, 27) = 4.5,p< .05, partial2= .25

c. F(2, 27) = 4.5,p< .001, partial2= .25

d. F(2, 14.4) = 4.5,p< .05, partial2= .25

e. F(2, 27) = 4.5,p< .01, partial2= .25

11)What is your decision about the null hypothesis?

a. Reject.the p-value is less than

b. Do not reject.

12)What post hoc test is best for this dataset (choose all that apply)?

a. Holm

b. Bonferroni

c. Scheffe

d. Tukey

e. Games-Howell

13)Which of the following is true (choose only one)?

a. The best way to choose a post hoc test is before analyzing.Choose ONE post

hoc test based upon the outcome of the Levene's test.If variances are equal,

choose one post-hoc test that best fits this outcome and your data.Report only

one post hoc test.

b. Choose the post hoc test that fits the outcome you want.

c. Report 2 post hoc tests

14)The independent variable had a _______________________ effect on the dependent variable.

a. Medium

b. Small

c.Large

15)What is your conclusion?In your statement, state the post hoc test that you used (from

question 13), and discuss how the means differ.