The researcher then included sex (gm into the model to determine if sex was a confounder of the relationship between osteoporosis and calcium levels in the blood. This was the model that was t: Call: almgformula = OsteoB ~ Calcium + GenderFemale, family = "binomial", data = dat2) Deviance Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max 2.9504 0.1835 0.1973 0.4575 0.6684 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error 2 value (>|z|) {Intercept} 6.8271 1.0464 6.524 6.84e11 *** Calcium -0.2927 0.1098 -2.666 0.00768 ** GenderFemale 1.9011 0.1194 15.917