The RS-232-C standard is used to transfer characters using copper wires. It uses voltage levels of -15 V and +15 V.

1. Explain how equipment limitations could result in incorrect readings if strict standards are not enforced.
2. If a line is held at the same voltage level for a long period of time, clock skew can result in the sender and receiver seeing different messages.
   1. How does RS-232-C avoid this issue?
   2. Explain an alternative method to avoid this issue.