The second reading by Terrill, Paoline, and Manning (2003) discusses how police officers view citizens. They suggest that these perceptions of citizens is a result of theoretical frameworks and it leads to the misconception of police coercion. Their study also looked at police officers' distrust of citizens and they also measured the level that police officers' view citizens as productive. The results of the study suggest that traditional values of police culture contribute to the coercion. The authors also make additional suggestions on results from the study were not as clear. For example, they suggest that researchers disentangle potential socializing as transmitters of crime. Overall, their findings were not clear and want to conduct additional research before they determine what leads to police coercion