The service that is provided by both TCP and UDP is:

a$.$ Reliable transport.

b$.$ Congestion control.

c$.$ Throughput guarantees.

d$.$ Flow control.

e$.$ None of the above.

In a congested network the most severe congestion scenario is indicated with TCP is:

a$.$ Packet loss.

b$.$ Negative ACK.

c$.$ Timeout.

d$.3$ duplicate ACKs.

e$.$ All of the above indicate the same level of congestion.

Time to live field of the IP datagram is used to:

a$.$ Prevent infinite forwarding.

b$.$ Limit the validity time of the IP address.

c Ensure ronting information update in a timely manner.

d$.$ Trigger RIP to exchange routing information within a specific time interval.

e$.$ None of the above.

Consider the scenario depicted in the figure below. Suppose that the client $10\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}2$ sends an IP datagram to the HTTP server. What is the source IP address of this datagram when it leaves the router? Address $10\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0$ is a network address that can only be used locally.

a$.10\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}4.$

b$.10\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}0\mathrm{.}255.$

c$.138\mathrm{.}76\mathrm{.}29\mathrm{.}7.$

d$.172\mathrm{.}593\mathrm{.}12.$

e$.$ None of the given choices

Suppose a router uses the prefix match $111011011011010111$ for one of its link interfaces. Represent this prefix match using the a$.$b$.$c$.$d$/$x notation.

$237\mathrm{.}181.\frac{3}{18}.$

b$.237\mathrm{.}181.\frac{192}{18}.$

c$.237\mathrm{.}181.\frac{192}{24}.$

d$.\frac{237\mathrm{.}1813}{24}.$

e$.$ None of the above: