The Six Stages of Moral Development that Kohlberg outlined provide an understanding of how people build their own sense of right and wrong as they go through life. The preconventional and conventional stages are the two groups into which these stages are divided. The preconventional stages are characterized by behavior that is carried out as a result of external rewards and punishments and are typically observed in very young children, which are the following: 1. Obedience and Punishment Focus - At this stage, typically seen in young children, individuals comply with rules and laws only because of the rewards and punishments associated with them - not due to any sense of internal morality. 2. Self-Interest Orientation - Individual morality is viewed in terms of the consequences related to the individual alone. Egoism is the primary focus, and selfish behavior is most important. 3. Interpersonal Accord and Conformity - Individuals at this stage try to behave decently in an effort to fit in with society. Decency is seen as a form of living up to expectations, and respect is granted to those within the individual's group. The Conventional stages are characterized by moral thinking and a stronger respect for the established social order, which are the following: 4. Maintaining Social Order - This stage involves seeing rules and laws as necessary for the general population's well-being. Individuals perceive law and order as a means of finding stability and maintaining peace and respect in society. 5. Legalistic Orientation - This stage involves upholding and respecting the law due to its role in society. The law is seen as an absolute, and moral judgments are seen as based on the legal code. 6. Universal Principles Orientation - At this stage, individuals develop a morality based on commitments to abstract values and principles that recognize the fundamental rights of all individuals. Atticus Finch, from "To Kill a Mockingbird," and Kat Stratford, from "10 Things I Hate About You," are the two fictional characters from film and television that have been selected. When Atticus Finch is faced with the prospect of defending a black man who is accused of attacking a white woman in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s, he is faced with a moral conundrum that goes against the prevailing racial norms of the time. at Kohlberg's model of the development of moral reasoning, Atticus is currently at the Legalistic Orientation stage, which indicates that he is motivated by a sense of obligation to uphold the law. He believes that it is his moral obligation to ensure that the accused obtains a fair trial, despite the fact that the white majority in the town will likely judge him harshly for doing so. In the movie "10 Things I Hate About You," Kat Stradford faces a unique predicament. Her older sister Kat is the one who must go out on a date before her father will allow her younger sister Bianca to date. In order to get around this rule, Kat makes a lie to her father and says that she has a date, so that her sister can go out and start dating. Kat is currently at the Maintaining Social Order stage because she has deceived her father in order to keep the status quo and achieve the goals that she and her sister have set for themselves. She is aware that she would get into trouble if she were to publicly dispute the rule that her father has established, so instead, she tells a falsehood in such a way that it continues to adhere to the norm while also allowing Bianca the freedom to date. Overall, Kohlberg's Six Stages of Moral Development provides an explanation for how individuals create their own moral systems as well as their understanding of what constitutes right and evil. In the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird," Atticus Finch and Kat Stratford are both motivated by the search for the right thing to do, but their lines of thinking can be separated into distinct stages of progression. Both of these characters illustrate how our knowledge of the potential consequences, as well as our ideas about the social order and the expectations of others, can have an impact on the moral decisions that we make. Reference (PDF) theory of Moral Development - Researchgate. (n.d.-a). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333828378_Theory_of_Moral_Development Encyclopdia Britannica, inc. (2023a, June 8). Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Encyclopdia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Lawrence-Kohlbergs-stages-of-moral-development I need help with in text citations please