1. The standard cost for material and labour in a manufacturing process is provided per unit as:

Material cost 5kgs shs.50

Labour cost 20hours shs.10

Material consumed in producing 500 units was Shs.25,650 against 2,700kgs of material. Wages paid was Sh6,050 for 11,600 hours, including 20 hours which was idle time due to machine breakdown.

Required:

1. Material cost variance
2. Material price variance
3. Material usage variance
4. Labour cost variance
5. Labour rate variance