The standard of assessing evidence that came prior to the Daubert trilogy

Question 1 options:

	General admissibility standard
	Internal Consistency Standard
	Preponderance of the Evidence
	None of these

Question 2 (1 point)

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What is the significance of the "Brady Rule" in criminal trials?

Question 2 options:

	It requires prosecutors to disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense
	It allows prosecutors to withhold evidence that may damage the defense
	It mandates that an expert witness must authenticate all evidence presented in court.
	It permits the use of illegally obtained evidence if it is deemed relevant to the case.

Question 3 (1 point)

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Which legal standard focuses on ensuring the reliability and relevance of expert scientific testimony in federal courts and sets the judge as the gatekeeper of evidence?

Question 3 options:

	Coppolino standard
	Frye standard
	Daubert standard
	Kelly standard

Question 4 (1 point)

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Which type of presumption arises when the prosecution has established a prima facie case, shifting the burden of proof to the defendant?

Question 4 options:

	Presumption of innocence
	Presumption of regularity
	Presumption of competence
	Presumption of guilt

Question 5 (1 point)

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In the United States, the system of justice utilized in our criminal justice system that posits two opposing sides to present the best possible case is known as:

Question 5 options:

	Adversarial
	Intellectual
	Interrogatory
	None of these

Question 6 (1 point)

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What is the main purpose of the exclusionary rule?

Question 6 options:

	To allow illegally obtained evidence to be used in court if it is deemed relevant
	To prevent unlawfully obtained evidence from being used in court proceedings
	To exclude all types of evidence except for eyewitness testimony
	To ensure that hearsay evidence is admissible in court

Question 7 (1 point)

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What is the main distinction between exculpatory and inculpatory evidence?

Question 7 options:

	Exculpatory evidence proves the defendant's guilt, while inculpatory evidence proves their innocence.
	Exculpatory evidence tends to clear the defendant of guilt, while inculpatory evidence tends to inculpate the defendant.
	Exculpatory evidence is hearsay, while inculpatory evidence is direct testimony.
	Exculpatory evidence is physical, while inculpatory evidence is testimonial.

Question 8 (1 point)

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Which of the following is a characteristic of direct evidence?

Question 8 options:

	It requires inference or interpretation to establish a fact
	It is based on the personal knowledge or observation of a witness
	It is circumstantial in nature
	It is typically documentary evidence

Question 9 (1 point)

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Which landmark case established the principle that the prosecution must disclose all exculpatory evidence to the defense?

Question 9 options:

	Miranda v. Arizona
	Brady v. Maryland
	Gideon v. Wainwright
	Mapp v. Ohio

Question 10 (1 point)

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What is the primary purpose of the chain of custody in criminal investigations?

Question 10 options:

	To ensure that all evidence is destroyed after it has all been collected
	To prevent the defense from examining the evidence.
	To establish the chronological history of the evidence from collection to presentation in court.
	To determine the admissibility of evidence based on its relevance to the case

Question 11 (1 point)

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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the "elephant in the matchbox" doctrine?

Question 11 options:

	A minor infraction leading to the discovery of a large cache of illegal drugs during a routine traffic stop.
	An individual confessing to a crime after being subjected to coercive interrogation tactics.
	The discovery of a murder weapon in plain sight during a lawful search of a suspect's home.
	Testimony from a credible eyewitness providing crucial evidence in a criminal trial

Question 12 (1 point)

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The justice model is broken up into two categories:

Question 12 options:

	Civil and Criminal
	Exclusive and internal
	Evidential and Circumstantial
	None of these

Question 13 (1 point)

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Why is maintaining a secure chain of custody important in criminal investigations?

Question 13 options:

	To prevent tampering, contamination, or loss of evidence, ensuring its reliability and admissibility in court.
	To expedite the investigation process by skipping unnecessary steps.
	To protect the identity of witnesses involved in the case.
	To minimize the need for expert testimony during trial.

Question 14 (1 point)

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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the role of the judge in determining the admissibility of expert testimony under the Daubert standard?

Question 14 options:

	The judge must defer to the expert's opinion regardless of its reliability.
	The judge must ensure that the expert's testimony is persuasive to the jury.
	The judge acts as a gatekeeper, assessing whether the expert's testimony is reliable and relevant.
	The judge's decision is based solely on the popularity of the expert within the scientific community.

Question 15 (1 point)

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Which of the following is an example of real evidence?

Question 15 options:

	Testimony from a witness about what they saw at the crime scene
	Fingerprints found on a weapon recovered from the crime scene
	A statement made by the defendant during interrogation
	Expert testimony regarding the defendants' psychological state

Question 16 (1 point)

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What is evidence?

Question 16 options:

	Court Approved Information
	Crime focused analysis
	Litigation Arguments
	None of these

Question 17 (1 point)

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Which statements about hearsay evidence are true?

Question 17 options:

	Hearsay evidence is always admissible in court.
	Hearsay evidence is generally considered more reliable than direct evidence
	Hearsay evidence is an out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted.
	Hearsay evidence is admissible only if it is supported by physical evidence.

Question 18 (1 point)

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What are facts or circumstances that would make a reasonable person believe a crime has been or is being committed?

Question 18 options:

	Reasonable Suspicion
	Probable Cause
	Preponderance of guilt
	Presumption of Innocence

Question 19 (1 point)

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What is documentary evidence?

Question 19 options:

	Testimony provided by a witness about what they heard from others
	Physical evidence such as fingerprints or DNA samples
	Written or recorded evidence presented in the form of documents, photographs, or recordings.
	expert testimony based on scientific principles

Question 20 (1 point)

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Who is responsible for maintaining the chain of custody of evidence?

Question 20 options:

	Only law enforcement officers directly involved in the investigation.
	Only forensic scientists analyzing the evidence in the lab.
	Everyone who handles or comes into contact with the evidence, from the initial collection to its presentation in court
	Only the prosecutor presenting the evidence during trial.

Question 21 (1 point)

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How can the authenticity of real evidence be established in court?

Question 21 options:

	By presenting testimony from a character witness
	By demonstrating a clear chain of custody, showing who handled the evidence from collection to presentation in court.
	By providing expert testimony about the significance of the evidence.
	By excluding any evidence that appears suspicious or questionable

Question 22 (1 point)

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Which of the following is an example of circumstantial evidence?

Question 22 options:

	DNA evidence linking the defendant to the crime scene
	Eyewitness testimony identifying the defendant as the perpetrator
	A confession made by the defendant to law enforcement officers
	Testimony from a character witness about the defendant's good character

Question 23 (1 point)

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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the reliability of eyewitness testimony?

Question 23 options:

	The level of stress experienced by the witness during the event
	The length of time between the event and the identification process
	The race of the witness
	None of these are a factor that does not affect reliability of eyewitness testimony

Question 24 (1 point)

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In the context of evidence, what does "materiality" refer to?

Question 24 options:

	The physical nature of the evidence, such as documents or photographs.
	The admissibility of the evidence based on procedural rules.
	The credibility of the witness presenting the evidence.
	The relevance and importance of the evidence to the facts of the case.

Question 25 (1 point)

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What is the role of forensic science in criminal investigations?

Question 25 options:

	To ensure that all evidence is destroyed before it can be examined.
	To provide experte testimony on the guilt or innocencse of the defendant
	To analyze physical evidence using scientific methods to assist in solving crimes
	To determine the admissibility of evidence based on its relevance to the case.

Question 26 (1 point)

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In a bench trial, who serves as the trier of fact?

Question 26 options:

	The defendant
	The jury
	The judge overseeing the trial
	The expert witness

Question 27 (1 point)

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Which Federal Rule of Evidence explicitly addresses the requirement of materiality for the admissibility of evidence?

Question 27 options:

	FRE 401
	FRE 402
	FRE 403
	FRE 404

Question 28 (1 point)

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Which Federal Rule of Evidence outlines the standard for determining the admissiblity of expert testimony in federal courts?

Question 28 options:

	FRE 401
	FRE 402
	FRE 701
	FRE 702

Question 29 (1 point)

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Which of the following best exemplifies the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine in criminal law?

Question 29 options:

	Evidence obtained through a valid search warrant
	Evidence collected during an illegal search that leads to the discovery of additional incriminating evidence
	Eyewitness testimony from a reliable source
	Physical evidence found at the crime scene by a bystander

Question 30 (1 point)

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Under Federal Rule of Evidence 401, evidence is relevant if it has which of the following characteristics?

Question 30 options:

	It is based on scientific principles
	It is persuasive to the judge or jury
	It tends to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence
	It is consistent with established legal standards