The State of Inebriation, the newly admitted 51st state, has a culturally diverse population. Its legislature's racial and gender composition align with its population. A study that showed that people who own iPhones (compared to people who own Samsung phones) are more likely to be at fault in car accidents caused by text while driving. The same study shows no difference in the accident rate for women who own iPhones and women who own Samsung phones. Accordingly, the legislature enacted a law that imposes a traffic safety impact fee on drivers who own iPhones. All lawmakers support the law on the understanding that it will reduce traffic fatalities. The lawmakers have expressed no other reasons for the law. It has now become apparent that the law disproportionately burdens historically disadvantaged racial minorities and women because they own iPhones in greater numbers than non-minorities and men. Women and minorities have sued in Federal Court, claiming that the law discriminates against them in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Discuss the validity of their claims.